Food & Agriculture

Farming Subsidies for Farmers

The question
Many governments give financial support, known as subsidies, to farmers. Some people think this money would be better spent elsewhere. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Band 9 model answer

Governments across the world allocate considerable sums to support their farmers, a policy some regard as a misuse of public funds. While I acknowledge that subsidies can be poorly designed, I disagree with the view that the money is fundamentally wasted, because well-targeted support serves vital national interests.

Those who oppose subsidies make understandable points. They argue that propping up agriculture distorts markets, allowing inefficient farms to survive when the funds could instead bolster healthcare, education or infrastructure. Critics also note that, in practice, much of this money flows to large agribusinesses rather than the struggling smallholders it is meant to protect. Viewed this way, subsidies can appear regressive and economically irrational.

Nevertheless, the case for supporting farmers remains strong. Agriculture is uniquely exposed to forces beyond a farmer's control, such as drought, disease and volatile prices, so without a safety net many would abandon the land, jeopardising a nation's food security. Subsidies can also be harnessed for the public good, rewarding farmers who protect biodiversity, conserve water or reduce emissions. In this sense, the money is not a handout but an investment in stable food supplies and a healthy environment.

In conclusion, although I accept that subsidies are sometimes distributed unfairly and ought to be reformed, I disagree that the spending is inherently misguided. Provided support is redirected towards genuine need and sustainable practices, it constitutes a sound use of public money that safeguards both the countryside and the food on which every citizen depends.

Examiner’s notes

Power words for this topic

subsidies
money given by a government to support an industry
In a sentenceFarmers receive subsidies each year.
regressive
affecting the poor more than the rich
In a sentenceCritics call the policy regressive.
volatile
likely to change suddenly and unpredictably
In a sentenceFood prices are notoriously volatile.
jeopardising
putting something at risk
In a sentenceCuts risk jeopardising food security.