Urbanisation & Housing

Car-Dependent vs Walkable Cities

The question
Many modern cities are designed around the car, while others are built to be walkable and served by public transport. Some people believe cities should reduce their dependence on cars. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Band 9 model answer

Much of the twentieth century saw cities reshaped around the private car, with wide roads, vast car parks and distant suburbs. Today, however, that model is being questioned, and I strongly agree that cities should reduce their reliance on cars in favour of walkable, transit-friendly design.

The case against car dependence is, first and foremost, environmental and medical. Heavy traffic is a leading source of the air pollution and carbon emissions that damage both the planet and human lungs, while a culture of driving everywhere fosters the inactivity behind much modern ill health. A walkable city, by contrast, encourages residents to move under their own power, quietly improving fitness and clearing the air at the same time.

The benefits extend well beyond health. Streets freed from gridlock become safer and more pleasant, inviting people to linger, shop and socialise, which in turn revives local businesses and community life. Walkable districts also use land more efficiently, since they need fewer roads and car parks, leaving room for housing and parks. Cities such as Copenhagen demonstrate that prioritising pedestrians and cyclists produces a calmer, more prosperous urban environment.

In conclusion, I firmly agree that cities should curb their dependence on cars. The gains in clean air, public health, safety and economic vitality are too significant to ignore, and the experience of pioneering cities proves that a less car-centred future is not only desirable but entirely achievable.

Examiner’s notes

Power words for this topic

reliance
dependence on something
In a sentenceCities should reduce their reliance on cars.
gridlock
traffic so heavy that movement stops
In a sentenceStreets freed from gridlock feel safer.
pedestrians
people travelling on foot
In a sentenceWalkable cities prioritise pedestrians.
vitality
liveliness and energy, including economic
In a sentenceWalkable streets boost economic vitality.