Urbanisation & Housing

Urban Green Spaces and Wellbeing

The question
Some people argue that cities should invest heavily in parks and green spaces, even when land is scarce and expensive. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Band 9 model answer

As cities grow denser and land prices soar, planners face a tempting shortcut: fill every plot with revenue-generating buildings. I strongly agree, however, that municipalities should protect and expand parks and green spaces, because their benefits to public wellbeing far outweigh the immediate financial cost.

The most compelling case rests on health. A growing body of research links regular contact with nature to lower stress, reduced rates of depression and even longer life expectancy. A tree-lined park invites residents to walk, jog and meet neighbours, countering the sedentary, isolated lifestyles that dense cities otherwise encourage. Greenery also cleans the air and cools streets during heatwaves, offering a practical defence against the worsening urban climate.

Green spaces additionally yield economic and social returns that critics often overlook. Far from being wasted land, a well-kept park raises the value of surrounding property and draws tourists, frequently repaying the investment many times over. Socially, parks act as great levellers, free spaces where rich and poor mingle on equal terms, strengthening the sense of community that anonymous high-rise living tends to dissolve.

In conclusion, although building on parkland may seem the more profitable option, I firmly believe cities should safeguard their green spaces. The gains in physical health, environmental resilience and social cohesion represent an investment in the long-term liveability of the city, and that is something no row of office blocks can replace.

Examiner’s notes

Power words for this topic

sedentary
involving much sitting and little exercise
In a sentenceParks counter sedentary city lifestyles.
resilience
the ability to withstand and recover from shocks
In a sentenceGreen space boosts a city's climate resilience.
levellers
things that reduce differences between people
In a sentenceParks act as great social levellers.
liveability
how pleasant a place is to live in
In a sentenceGreen space underpins a city's liveability.