Urbanisation & Housing

Planning Cities for the Future

The question
As the world's urban population grows rapidly, planners must decide how to design the cities of the future. What do you think are the most important priorities when planning a city for future generations?

Band 9 model answer

With billions more people expected to crowd into cities this century, how we plan urban space today will shape the quality of life for generations to come. In my view, the most important priorities are environmental sustainability and social inclusion, since a city that neglects either will ultimately fail its inhabitants.

Sustainability must come first, because climate change poses an existential threat to dense settlements. Future cities should be designed to minimise emissions and withstand extremes, integrating renewable energy, efficient public transport and abundant green space from the outset rather than as an afterthought. Compact, walkable layouts that reduce car use and flood defences that anticipate rising seas would together make a city both cleaner and far more resilient to the shocks ahead.

Equally vital is planning for inclusion, so that prosperity does not bypass the poor. A well-conceived city deliberately mixes affordable and market housing, ensuring that essential workers can live near their jobs rather than being banished to distant fringes. Investing in accessible schools, clinics and public transport for every district would prevent the entrenched segregation that scars so many cities today, knitting diverse residents into a single community.

In conclusion, while many factors matter, I believe planners must place environmental resilience and social fairness above all else. A future city that is green yet exclusive, or fair yet polluted, is only half successful; lasting liveability demands that the two priorities advance hand in hand.

Examiner’s notes

Power words for this topic

sustainability
the ability to continue without harming the environment
In a sentenceSustainability must guide future city planning.
resilient
able to recover quickly from difficulties
In a sentenceFlood defences make a city more resilient.
inclusion
ensuring everyone is provided for and involved
In a sentencePlanning for inclusion prevents segregation.
entrenched
firmly established and hard to change
In a sentencePoor planning creates entrenched segregation.