Urbanisation & Housing

Preserving Old Buildings

The question
When cities need to grow, some people think old buildings should be preserved, while others believe they should be demolished to make way for modern development. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Band 9 model answer

As cities strain to accommodate rising populations, planners repeatedly confront an awkward dilemma: should they protect their historic buildings or clear them to make room for the new? Both camps argue forcefully, and I shall consider each before setting out my own, qualified position.

Those who favour demolition appeal to practicality. Old structures are often cramped, energy-inefficient and ill-suited to modern needs, occupying valuable central land that could house far more people or businesses. Replacing them with modern towers, the argument runs, maximises space, generates jobs and equips the city for the future. Where a building is genuinely derelict, this logic is hard to dispute.

Preservationists, however, insist that historic architecture carries an irreplaceable value. Old buildings embody a city's identity and collective memory, lending streets a character that sterile glass towers can never reproduce. They also draw tourists and, increasingly, can be sympathetically refurbished to meet modern standards rather than flattened. Once demolished, such heritage is gone for ever, and no replacement can restore it.

In my view, the wisest course lies between the two extremes. Cities should preserve buildings of genuine historical or architectural worth while permitting the redevelopment of those that are merely old and without merit. Better still, adaptive reuse, modernising a structure behind a protected facade, often satisfies both sides, marrying heritage with the practical demands of growth.

Examiner’s notes

Power words for this topic

derelict
abandoned and in poor condition
In a sentenceGenuinely derelict buildings may justify demolition.
refurbished
renovated and restored to good condition
In a sentenceOld halls can be sympathetically refurbished.
heritage
valued things inherited from the past
In a sentenceOnce demolished, heritage is gone for ever.
adaptive reuse
converting an old building for a new purpose
In a sentenceAdaptive reuse keeps a protected facade while modernising inside.