Animals & Wildlife

Vegetarianism to Help the Planet

The question
Some people believe that everyone should adopt a vegetarian or vegan diet in order to protect the environment and animals. Others think this is an unrealistic solution. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Band 9 model answer

As the environmental footprint of livestock becomes ever clearer, some campaigners increasingly urge a universal switch to plant-based diets. Although I genuinely sympathise with the goals behind this proposal, I believe that mandating vegetarianism for everyone is impractical, and that encouraging widespread moderation offers a far wiser and more achievable path.

The argument for widespread plant-based eating is environmentally robust. Rearing livestock consumes vast quantities of land, water and feed while emitting significant greenhouse gases, so reducing meat consumption could substantially shrink humanity's overall ecological impact. A plant-based diet also spares billions of animals from the routine suffering of industrial farming. For committed advocates, these compelling benefits clearly justify a sweeping change in how the entire world eats.

Critics, however, rightly highlight the unrealistic nature of universal conversion. Meat is deeply woven into countless cultures, cuisines and economies, and abrupt abstinence would inevitably meet fierce resistance. In some regions, livestock thrives on marginal land unsuitable for crops and provides indispensable nutrition and livelihoods. Imposing a single rigid dietary template across such diverse circumstances ignores both human nature and local realities, rendering the proposal politically and practically untenable.

My own view therefore occupies the middle ground. The environmental and ethical advantages of eating less meat are simply too significant to dismiss, yet expecting global veganism is naive. The most effective response is to promote a marked reduction in meat consumption rather than its outright elimination, supported by clear labelling, affordable plant-based alternatives and sustained public education. Such pragmatic moderation, adopted by many, would deliver far greater real-world benefit than an absolute rule rejected by most.

Examiner’s notes

Power words for this topic

footprint
the measurable impact of an activity on the environment
In a sentenceLivestock farming has a large environmental footprint.
abstinence
the practice of refraining from something
In a sentenceTotal abstinence from meat is unrealistic for many cultures.
untenable
impossible to defend or maintain
In a sentenceA universal ban on meat is politically untenable.
moderation
avoidance of excess; a balanced amount
In a sentenceEating meat in moderation reduces environmental harm.