Technology & Society

AI in Important Decisions

The question
Artificial intelligence is increasingly used to make important decisions, such as in medicine, hiring and the justice system. Do the advantages of relying on AI for such decisions outweigh the disadvantages?

Band 9 model answer

Artificial intelligence now influences decisions once reserved for human experts, from diagnosing illness to selecting job candidates and assessing legal risk. Although these systems offer real gains in efficiency, I believe that for high-stakes judgements the disadvantages currently outweigh the advantages.

The case for AI is grounded in speed and consistency. Algorithms can analyse vast datasets far faster than any person, detecting patterns in medical scans or financial records that humans might miss. Because they apply the same criteria to every case, they also promise to reduce the inconsistency and fatigue that affect human decision-makers. In medicine especially, such precision can accelerate diagnosis and save lives.

Nevertheless, weighty objections remain. AI systems learn from historical data, and where that data reflects past prejudice, the machine can entrench discrimination while appearing neutral, as has occurred in biased hiring and sentencing tools. Worse, these models often function as opaque 'black boxes', offering no transparent reasoning, which makes errors hard to challenge and accountability difficult to assign. When a life or a livelihood is at stake, such opacity is deeply troubling.

In conclusion, although artificial intelligence can enhance speed and uncover valuable insights, its capacity for hidden bias and its lack of transparency render it unsuitable as the sole arbiter of momentous decisions. Until these flaws are resolved, AI should assist human judgement rather than replace it, and the drawbacks therefore outweigh the benefits.

Examiner’s notes

Power words for this topic

opaque
not transparent or easily understood
In a sentenceMany AI models are opaque black boxes.
entrench
to fix firmly so it is hard to change
In a sentenceBiased data can entrench discrimination.
arbiter
a person or thing with power to decide
In a sentenceAI should not be the sole arbiter of justice.
momentous
of great importance or consequence
In a sentenceMomentous decisions deserve human oversight.